What is GPA and How Is It Calculated?

GPA: The Universal Academic Metric

GPA, or Grade Point Average, is a numerical representation of your academic performance. It converts your letter grades into a standard number scale, usually ranging from 0.0 to 4.0 in the United States.

The 4.0 Scale Breakdown

Each letter grade corresponds to a specific number value:

• A = 4.0
• B = 3.0
• C = 2.0
• D = 1.0
• F = 0.0

Weighted vs Unweighted GPA

Unweighted GPA treats every class the same. However, many high schools use a Weighted GPA to reward students for taking more difficult courses like AP (Advanced Placement) or IB (International Baccalaureate). In a weighted system, an A in an AP class might be worth a 5.0 instead of a 4.0.

How Universities Use Your GPA

Colleges look at your GPA to gauge your consistency and ability to handle academic rigor. While a high GPA is important, many institutions also look at the "trend" of your grades—did they improve over time? Using a GPA Calculator early in the semester can help you set realistic targets.